Colonoscopy and Polypectomy

• A diagnostic procedure to visualize the colon and remove abnormal growths (polyps), reducing the risk of colon cancer.

Colectomy (Partial or Total)

• Removal of a portion (partial) or the entire colon (total) due to conditions like cancer, IBD (Crohn's or ulcerative colitis), or diverticulitis.
• Ileostomy: Creation of an opening in the abdomen to allow waste to exit when the entire colon is removed.

Rectal Surgery

• Low Anterior Resection: Removal of part of the rectum for cancer or other conditions, preserving bowel continuity.
• Abdominoperineal Resection (APR): Removal of the anus, rectum, and part of the sigmoid colon, often in cases of rectal cancer.

Hemorrhoidectomy

• Surgical removal of hemorrhoids that do not respond to non-surgical treatments, relieving symptoms like bleeding and pain.

Diverticulectomy

• Removal of diverticula (pouches in the colon wall) that can become inflamed or infected, often due to diverticulitis.

Stoma Creation (Colostomy/Ileostomy)

• Involves creating an opening (stoma) in the abdomen to allow waste to leave the body when the colon or rectum cannot function properly.

Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery

• Minimally invasive surgery using small incisions and a camera to perform procedures such as colectomy or resection, leading to less pain and quicker recovery.

Colorectal Cancer

• Surgical removal of cancerous growths in the colon or rectum, sometimes requiring lymph node removal and stoma creation if needed.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

• Treatment for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which may include bowel resection or removal of affected areas of the colon or rectum.

Diverticulitis

• Surgery is performed if diverticulitis becomes severe or recurrent, with removal of the affected part of the colon.

Hemorrhoids

• Severe hemorrhoids that do not respond to medications or lifestyle changes may require surgical removal.

Functional Disorders

• Surgical intervention for conditions like bowel obstructions, chronic constipation, and rectal prolapse.

• Minimally Invasive Options: Laparoscopic and robotic-assisted techniques reduce recovery time, pain, and scarring.
• Reduced Risk of Complications: Surgical treatments can address underlying conditions such as cancer, diverticulitis, or IBD, preventing further health risks.
• Improved Quality of Life: Surgery can restore bowel function and eliminate debilitating symptoms, such as chronic pain, bleeding, or obstructions.

• Infection: As with any surgery, infection is a risk, especially in the abdominal or gastrointestinal region.
• Bleeding: Surgical procedures in the colon or rectum can lead to bleeding, which may require additional treatment.
• Bowel Dysfunction: Some surgeries, especially those involving extensive resections, may result in changes to bowel function, such as diarrhea or constipation.
• Anastomotic Leaks: If the colon is reconnected after resection, there is a risk that the connection could leak, leading to infection or other complications.

Pre-Surgery

• Detailed medical evaluation, imaging (CT, colonoscopy, or MRI), and possible bowel preparation (e.g., laxatives) are necessary.
• Patients may need to stop certain medications before surgery.

During Surgery

• Depending on the procedure, it may be performed via open surgery or minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery.
• General anesthesia is typically used.

Post-Surgery Recovery

• Recovery varies based on the complexity of the surgery. Most patients stay in the hospital for 2-5 days for observation.
• Early movement, dietary adjustments, and wound care are critical in the recovery phase.
• Full recovery can take from a few weeks to several months, depending on the extent of the surgery.

Follow-Up Care

• Regular check-ups and imaging may be necessary to monitor recovery and detect any complications early.

Conclusion

Colorectal surgery is essential for treating conditions affecting the colon, rectum, and anus, including colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, and hemorrhoids. With advances in minimally invasive techniques, patients benefit from reduced recovery times and better outcomes. Dr. Subhraneelay Das offers expert care in colorectal surgery, ensuring patients receive the best possible treatment. If you are experiencing colorectal issues, schedule a consultation with Dr. Das in Tripura to discuss your options and find the best treatment plan tailored to your needs.